Aggressive Children in the School Enviornment Essay -- Special Educati

Many children come to school with behavior problems that impede their learning and disrupt the learning of other children. As early as preschool as many as twenty-five percent of children demonstrate problematic behaviors which place them at risk for future negative school experiences (Conroy, Sutherland, Haydon, Stormont, Harmon, 2009). These children exhibit aggression, defiance, bullying of others, poor work habits, and acting out in class. Many teachers feel frustrated as they spend the majority of their classroom management time on the same few children each day. Researchers (Conroy, Sutherland, Haydon, Stormont, Harmon, 2009) suggest that around 70% of behavior management time is spent on the same 20% of student. Ratcliff. Jones, Costner, Savage-Davis, and Hunt (2010) found a pattern of student misbehavior followed by attempts to correct the behavior that failed, resulting in increased time and attention on misbehavior instead of instruction. Over the course of several years of negative interactions these students begin to see themselves as failures. Henricsson and Rydell (2004) have noted that self-perception is formed through interactions with others and the reduced number of positive interactions children with behavior problems experience put them at risk for low-self esteem. Henricsson and Rydell (2004) also note teacher criticism is associated with student stress, increased feelings of helplessness, and increased negative self-judgments. Many children with severe behavior problems have significant emotional trauma, serious emotional losses, and deficits in social skills. These problems are often never officially diagnosed or professionally treated despite theeffects on the children. Kehel, Bray, and Theodore (2004... ... Abrams, L., & Vo, A. (2010). Improving Interactions Between Teachers and Young Children with Problem Behavior: A Strengths-Based Approach. Exceptionality, 18(2), 70-81. Delveaux, K. D., & Daniels, T. (2000). Children's social cognitions: physically and relationally aggressive strategies and children's goals in peer conflict situations. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 46(4), 672-692. Morrow, M. T., Hubbard, J. A., Rubin, R. M., & McAuliffe, M. D. (2008). The Relation between Childhood Aggression and Depressive Symptoms: The Unique and Joint Mediating Roles of Peer Rejection and Peer Victimization. Merrill-Palmer Quarterly, 54(3), 316-340. Fleming, C. B., Haggerty, K. P., & Catalano, R. F. (2005). Do Social and Behavioral Characteristics Targeted by Preventive Interventions Predict Standardized Test Scores and Grades?. Journal Of School Health, 75(9), 342-349.

South Carolina and the Caribbean Connection

To most, South Carolina is simply just one of the United States, 50 states, and originally was on the thirteen original colonies that declared independence from the British Crown. However, this plot of land, which extends from the Atlantic Ocean to the Appalachian Mountains, from the Savannah River to the sea, contains a rich historical pass of slavery, trade, cultivation and foreign influence which molded the beginnings of what we Americans know as South Carolina today. Today, South Carolina is ranked thirty-ninths for the total median income out of all fifty states, but in the early part of the 18th century was the most affluent colony.What made South Carolina so successful? Slavery and the West Indies. The West Indies shaped the early colony of South Carolina, whether it was everyday cultural patterns of the colonists and slaves or their socio-economic status, strong ties and resemblances are seen with the Caribbean’s citizen’s and economy. Slavery played a large rol e in South Carolina society, the most influential members of society owned and used slaves, and the overall economic status was based off of that slave work.In South Carolina, slaves from both India and Africa were used, however, the more dominant slave race was definitely those of African decent. They were believed to possess specific qualities such as familiarity with rice cultivation, which became the staple crop of South Carolina. They also had lived in malicious climates for centuries, and had developed the immunity of malaria. These distinctive skills and strengths suited them in Carolina lowlands, contributing greatly to their positive effect on the South Carolina colony.Peter Wood, American historian and author of Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion, concisely sums up the role slaves played in South Carolina when he states â€Å"Negroes Played a significant and often determinative part in the evolution of the colony† (Wood, XVII). The following paragraphs explore South Carolina from the 1670’s to the 1740’s and examine the elements of Caribbean influence seen throughout its early history and the developmental parallels between other Caribbean colonies.In 1670 on the British island of Barbados, there were serious overpopulation problems, these problems eventually led to the colonization of South Carolina. Barbados was first settled in 1627, and for the following decade followed the economic pattern of the other British colonies, Bermuda and Virginia, by producing tobacco. By the end of the 1630’s Barbados had established itself as a successful producer for the English market, resulting in the high demand for Barbados land, as inhabitants covered all arable land on the island.It was in the mid-1640’s that the true staple crop of Barbados was introduced, sugar. The sugar revolution not only brought an abundance of wealth to Barbados but â€Å"By the early 1650’ s†¦ Barbados had achieved a population density greater than any comparable area in the English-speaking world† (Greene, 195). Sugar production required intensive labor, and as labor needs increased, so did the use of the more economical and reliable source of labor – African slaves. Barbados exemplified the first large-scale use of slavery and non-European labor of any English colony.The island was â€Å"the richest, most highly developed, most populous and most congested English colony in America†¦ with 50,000 inhabitants, including 30,000 negroes,† unfortunately Barbados was just 166 sq, miles (Journal Of Caribbean History XVI, 1982). With such overpopulation, a substantial emigration began to occur. This exodus from Barbados made-up the wave of colonists of all socioeconomic statuses that traveled to the Carolinas. In 1663 King Charles II granted the land of the Carolinas to eight nobles, also know as the Lords Proprietor, to build the Carolina Colon y.These proprietors were extremely commercial, as they wished to gain quick profits in this new colony. All of the initial eight proprietors had ties with the Caribbean and Slavery. It is evident that even the earliest settlers European settlers were all connected by a past of slavery, furthermore, they also shared the same vision that Barbados â€Å"could provide seasoned settlers from a short distance at a minimal cost† (Wood, 15). However their attempt to establish settlements failed. The first successful settlement came in late march of 1670 when the Carolina, under captain Henry Brayne, reached the Carolinas at Seewee Bay.They set up a community at a location on the west bank of a nearby river now know as the Ashley. By the end of May the colonists from the wrecked Albermarle and estranged Port Royal reached this site. All three ships had come from Barbados. Barbadians played a large role in this first successful settlement. In the first two years, almost half of the whi tes and more than half of the blacks who settled in Carolina were from Barbados. Between the years of 1670-1690, 54% of the white settlers who immigrated to South Carolina came from Barbados. (Green, 197).Barbadians from many varying social classes came to Carolina within the first two decades, ten percent (18/ 175) of Barbados elite sugar planting families obtained land in South Carolina. Thirty three mid-tier planting families, and a number of Barbadian merchants also acquired land in South Carolina. (Green, 197-198) The importance of the Barbadians immigration is noted in a Letter of Lord Ashley, to Yeamons (Whos this? ) stating â€Å"I am glad to hear soe many considerable men come from Barbadoes for wee find by deare Experience that noe other are able to make a Plantation†¦ the rest serve onely to full up Numbers. (Coll. , V, 361) The staggering numbers of Barbadians amongst the original settlers begin to represent why the Caribbean had such a strong influence on South Ca rolina. It is evident that these immigrants were substantial men, looking for new land to take advantage of their expertise, providing a place to bolster and resemble the Barbadian economy. For many, South Carolina was not a place where these Barbadians wanted to start a new life, they were not in search of new culture, legislation, and economy, and instead they brought theirs with them. Slavery completely encompassed Barbadian culture and economy.A slave society is defined as a society dominated by slavery, as Barbados was. Barbados was the first English colony to introduce large-scale slavery, and received much success in this venture. In Woods, Black Majority he states South Carolina, more so than any mainland colony, â€Å"roots of settlement and early commercial ties stretched toward Barbados and the other islands of the English Caribbean†¦ English colonists from the West Indies who were economically unable to bring negroes with them at least brought along the social aspi ration of slave ownership† (Wood, 55).Barbadians did not just bring energy, experience and wealth, but most importantly; they brought the cultural shaping and economy boosting, concept of slavery to South Carolina. South Carolina was the only mainland English colony to begin its existence with a preference of African slave labor and a significant number of slaves as original settlers. The first documented Negro arrival in the colony came from Capt. Brayne when he reported on August 23, 1670 â€Å"one lust negro man 3. ristian servants and a oversear† (Waring, pp, 24-25) Three more slaves arrived several weeks later, and in September 1670 the first negroes recorded by name, John Sr. , Elizabeth, and John Jr. , arrived in South Carolina. with the ‘First Fleet’ of settlers. Moreover, reports have shown immigrations of ‘able-bodied’ men which were most likely referring to slaves. More negroes continued to arrive in South Carolina, â€Å"between on e fourth and one thirds of the colony’s newcomers were negroes† (Wood, 25). South Carolina was a slave society from the very beginning.In a deposition on August 1, 1671, just a year after the first settlers arrived by the Ashley river, an Indian messenger reported on the South Carolina colony â€Å"that the settlement grows, that the castle is getting bigger [and] that many Negroes have come to work† (Childs, pp. 132-135) Slaves became the backbone of South Carolina; they were what kept the settlement from collapsing. John Yeamons Jr, the lieutenant governer and one of the original men who tried to establish the Carolina colony addressed the king stating â€Å"thes setlements have beene made and upheld by Negroes and without contant supplies of them cannot subsist. (Salley, 67) There was an exponential increase in the amount of Negros from the late seventeenth century into the first part of the eighteenth century in South Carolina. The Black population in South Carolina went from about 2,500 in 1700 to 5,000 in 1710 to a staggering 39,000 in 1730’s. For the first 25 years, South Carolina relied on Barbados for slaves until they black population was reproducing enough to become self-reliant. This reliance â€Å"served to strengthen the existing ties to the sugar island and these bonds- helped predispose would-be planters in the mainland colony to black labor† (Wood, 46).Wood’s statement shows that this South Caroline culture was based around black-labor, and that inhabitants were ‘pre-disposed’ to use Black labor. The interest and abundance of black labor is evident from the 1670’s through 1740, these slaves shaped the economy and social hierarchy, but also displayed problems and resistance to the white slave owners. One of the main aspects of Carolina society that slavery and the West Indies influenced was the economy. From the start South Carolina exemplified â€Å"strong commercial, materialistic and exploitative mentality† that was standard in the Caribbean culture (Greene,198).South Carolinians were avid in their search for a profitable agricultural staple, one that could do for South Carolina what sugar did for Barbados. Interest in Carolina settlement stemmed from Barbadians hopes for developing an economy that would benefit their own. While trying to find this staple agricultural product, South Carolina resorted to the raising of livestock. Their was a strong demand for livestock in Barbados and other Caribbean islands, the English King confirms this point stating that â€Å"Barbados and ye rest of ye caribee islands†¦have not food to fill their bellies. (Harlow, 283) From the earliest years, Carolina provided the island with food for the labor force, wood for caneboiling, and staves for the shipment of molasses sugar. By 1678, Barbados was shipping ten thousand pounds of sugar to Carolina and paying good prices for the livestock. The sale of livestock to t he Caribbean gave South Carolina the wealth to build more convenient houses and to purchase more negro- slaves. Responsibility for caring for the livestock fell on the slaves. Slaves would build the â€Å"cowpen, attend the calves and guard the gazing at night.The care and maintenance of the livestock was no easy task, had it not been for the use of slaves such a project would have been extremely difficult. The early livestock economy also benefited the growth of South Carolina because â€Å"The New Settlers can be furnish’d with Stocks of Cattle and Corn† (Salley, 291). The link with the Caribbean islands and the reliance on slaves, molded the early economy of South Carolina, however, grazing was just the initial stage in the colony’s economic growth, it wasn’t until the 1690s that South Carolina found its key to economic success; rice.Author of Black Majority, Peter Wood, described the importance of rice best when stating, â€Å"No development had gre ater impact upon the course of South Carolina history than the successful introduction of rice† (Wood, 35). Rice was the agricultural staple that the colonial planters could use to provide the basis for a viable plantation system based off the Barbadian model. Like sugar for Barbados, rice propelled South Carolina toward becoming one of the richest North American colonies, and â€Å"Charleston, its capital, one of wealthiest and most fashionable cities in early America†(Yale).Although Slaves played a role in the grazing economy, their involvement in rice cultivation was staggering in comparison. It is no coincidence that following the introduction of rice production the slave population skyrocketed, soon passing the colonist population. This black majority was unprecedented in the England’s North American colonies. African Slaves were needed for rice to be successful a successful crop, because planters and plantations owners were unfamiliar with the cultivation o f rice. Slaves were the only settlers who had experience and were accustomed to growing rice.They were used to the climate and could work efficiently in the hot Carolina weather, had great physical strength, and were immune to malaria. While not every African slave had come from a African rice field, there still hundred of black immigrants â€Å"more familiar with the planting, hoeing, processing and cooking of rice than were the European settlers who purchased them† (Wood, 61). Slaves were responsible for all stages of cultivation, from seeding in spring, hoeing in the summer, to making baskets in October when the grain was fanned.All these skills were adopted from Africa, and the slaves did not alter their annual routine, no matter which side of the Atlantic they were working. To the English, rice was the staple they had been seeking for years, and the Africans were its most logical cultivators and processors. African Slaves were the largest factor for the wealth of South C arolina, at this point in South Carolina history, it is clear that this colony can be characterized as a slave society.Barbados was the largest market for South Carolinas rice throughout the 1730s, in total, â€Å"the Island colonies took about 10 percent of South Carolinas total rice exports in 1717-1720. Nearly forty ships annually from the West Indies would arrive in Charleston with return cargoes of rice and other commodities for Jamaica, Barbados, the Leeward Islands and the Bahamas. A fourth to a third of the total tonnage came from the West Indies, and about 15 percent to 25 percent of the ships leaving Charlestown traded to the West Indies† (Greene, 199-200).The Caribbean not only provided South Carolina with a trade resource, but the model of a plantation society. This steady link between South Carolina and the West Indies, along with the use of slaves, not only shaped the economy but the social aspects of culture as well. Slaves in particular played a large part in the social culture of South Carolina. When settlers first came to the southern wilderness, there were no aspects of social hierarchy. Owning slaves soon became what Englishmen used to establish status distinctions in the mainland (Wood, 46).Slaves were associated with wealth and class amongst this early society. Slaves also provided cultural advancements, more specifically the Gullah. Language was an extraordinary barrier in South Carolina; Gullah became the main form of communication and expression of people across different backgrounds. Even today, Gullah has direct ties and patterns with Black English (Wood, 191). Although Slaves were at first looked upon as possessions, the normal appeal of a possession did not correlate to a positive outlook on slaves by the whites. The Reverend Francis Le Jau strove to teach religion amongst South Carolinians.He was part of the newly created Society for the Propagation of the Gospel in foreign parts. He recounts many obstacles trying to conver t the blacks, he acknowledges language barriers but the main problem was the opinion Slave masters had of slaves. To really display the social attitude towards slaves in Carolina, Le Jau recalls three quotes from slave masters; Slaves shouldn’t learn prayers because â€Å"knowledge makes them worse†, there is no difference â€Å"between slaves, and free Indians, and beasts,† and lastly one master asked Le Jau â€Å"Is it possible that any of my slaves could go to Heaven, & must I see them there? (Ibid, p16) Although mistreated, slaves were very much apart of everyday life in society. Slavery completely changed the social demographic of South Carolina. By the 1720s, when the Crown assumed control, South Carolina, unlike any other mainland country, was demographically dominated by migrants from West Africa. Not only were the migrants superior in total numbers, but also in the pace of immigration and the rate of their natural increase (Wood, 145-166). The result o f this demographic and a constant connection through trade with the Caribbean was a strong public interest in slavery.Within the text of the South Carolina Gazette, one can analyze the viewpoints of the people in this slave society. The South Carolina Gazette was the state’s first successful newspaper and was printed from 1732 to 1775. The gazette not only displayed information regarding slaves but it often reported news from the West Indies. Slave advertisements and notices were common appearances in the Gazette. Although they were usually short in text, the ads offer large insight into the culture of a slave society. They shed light on what specific characteristics buyers looked for in slaves, such as the age, health, and where these slaves came from.One such advertisement, in June of 1739, mentions a â€Å"very fine cargo of able-bodied Gambia negroes. † Another notice in the paper from July 7th 1733 reports a run away slave â€Å"From Dr. Samuel Stevens plantation , A negro man named Pompey, and had on when he went away, a white negro cloth jacket and breeches, almost worn out, and a blue and white negro cloth cap. Whoever bring the said negro to the plantation aforesaid, shall have reasonable satisfaction from Samuel Stevens. † These two articles display the perceptions of the Africans.The first article demonstrates a bias-towards Gambian Africans, this most likely stems from the fact that Gambia is located on the coast of Africa, where rice cultivation larger took place. This ad shows that slaves were often bought for their specific skills, as these slaves would be useful rice cultivation. Moreover, since slaves were bought for specific skills, this confirms the notion that South Carolina was never monoculture. Planters looked for more than just rice-orientated slaves because Carolina was still exporting some of its original products.The first ad was surrounded by advertisements for consumer goods and tools. This is interesting becaus e it portrays slaves as tools, not human life, and puts them on the same level of consumer goods. The inferiority of slaves is also portrayed in the ad about the runaway slave, as it mentions he was wearing a ‘negro cloth jacket’, which was worn out, and a ‘negro cloth cap,’ not only did the negroes wear worn out clothing, but the white master specifically mentions that it is negro clothing which is due to the 1735 act requiring a Negro Dress code, furthering the separation between whites and blacks of this slave society.Lastly, the fact that a slave is running away shows insight to the tensions in between master and slave in the Carolinas (Wood, 239). While the South Carolina Gazette often portrayed negative opinions of Negroes, it also painted a portrait of problems in slave society. In South Carolina, slavery brought degradation for blacks, but also danger for whites. As the black population grew, and they began to show signs of their own culture, the wh ite minority began to feel threatened (Wood, 195). Wood notes that previously slaves were â€Å"taken as an asset, were now viewed in part by whites as a liability† (Wood, 220).The Slave majority posed possible threats to the minority of whites, first is that it increased the chances of a foreign power to attack, it reduced the colonies defense of such attacks, and also increased the possibility of internal attacks as well. The South Carolina Gazette only printed the concerns of white Carolinians, whom took extreme interest in the published stories about aspects of other slave societies. In particular, many stories were reported of slave uprisings and revolts. One such article in the July 7th 1733 paper, reports of an uprising on The Robert; â€Å"The Robert, Capt.Hamilton, was lately blown up by the negroes on the Coaft of Guinea. † These reports were often gruesome, which would cause extreme worry amongst the whites. The January 15, 1732 edition states, â€Å"a Guin ea-man belonging to Bristol, rose and destroyed the whole crew, cutting off the Captain’s Head, Legs and Arms. † Reports from Jamaica appeared in the Gazette from 1732 through 1738, one such story quotes a White Jamaican saying, â€Å"Our Rebellious negroes are so numerous that they attack us every-where. † (SCG, May 18 1734).The South Carolina gazette was only printed once a week and contained only a select few news stories. The fact that the gazette published so many articles involving slave revolts portrayed the fear and anxiety of the white readers. These events held special concern for the whites of South Carolina, because South Carolina resembled colonial Caribbean powers, especially Jamaica, the one area with the most dramatic reports of slave rebellions. Like South Carolina, Jamaica was heavily involved in production of agricultural staples.It imported extremely high numbers of African slaves which resulted in a black majority, it hard harsh system of lab or discipline, the elites were extremely wealthy, and was plagued by a disease filled environment which caused high mortality rates. It is shocking how closely they resembled one another. What’s even more surprising is that the whites in Carolina did not learn from the Caribbean mistakes. Carolina experienced patterns of black slave resistance such as running away, poisoning, arson and conspiracy.From the beginning of its existence, South Carolina was always connected with the Caribbean, a prime example of this connection are South Carolina slave acts. The original slave regulations were borrowed from the Barbados, and they were almost identical. As South Carolina began to establish itself and develop their own acts, the regulations became considerably harsher. Rev. Le Jau, on August 30, 1712, wrote, â€Å"There has been a severe act to punish our slaves, lately past in this province.Runaway slaves are to be Mutilated; and at last put to death if they absent themselves for t he fourth time for fourteen days. I have taken the Liberty to say Mutilation and Death too great punishments† (Wood, 138). Many acts and laws were put in place but when a new act was passed in 1734 to extend the extent of the 1720’s patrol act, worsened the brutality of slaves. The South Carolinian leaders felt that harsh laws, and publish punishment would help by making the Slaves more submissive. This concept was extremely false.Jamaica in the late seventeenth century experienced an onslaught of slave resistance due to extreme cruelty. It was soon realized that strengthened systems, an increase in brutality and punishments provoked, instead of deterred, slave resistance when in 1740 South Carolina was torn by what is know as the Stono Rebellion. A group of slaves, in search for liberation, joined together to rebel against the whites, resulting in the deaths of more than sixty people (Wood, 308). This rebellion opened the eyes of everyone, as it displayed the possible dangers of slaves.The Stono rebellion holds more significance as â€Å"it can be seen as a turning point in the history of South Carolina’s black population,† never again did a time such severe racial unrest occur (Wood, 308). From its initial settlement in 1670 to the Stono Rebellion in 1740 South Carolina established itself as one of the wealthiest North American colonies. This reign of success would not have been possible without the Caribbean and the development of a slave society. Unlike any other North American colony of its time, South Carolina, displayed a culture that was based around African Slavery.Early Barbadian settlers, who represented over fifty percent of the early Carolina settlers, brought the concept of slavery to South Carolina. Basing its economy off a profitable agricultural staple, and using slaves whose active involvement â€Å"undertook all the routine activities† on the plantation, South Carolina began to take face of a colonial Caribb ean island (Wood, 198). The social demographics of this region displayed a large black majority, almost 9 blacks to every 1 white in areas of the lowlands.The economy was sustained by the blacks, the population was majority black, this society was so reliant on the black slaves, even one Swiss newcomer named Samuel Dyssli in 1737 said of Carolina â€Å"looks more like a negro country than like a country settled by white people† (Wood, 132). Dyssli observations are far from unordinary, and were not the only of its kind. In South Carolina, whether it was trade, culture, plantation systems, or economics, the Caribbean colonies have influenced it in such a way that it was often referred to as â€Å"Carolina in Ye West indies† (Woods, 160).Dyssli was correct in calling Carolina a negro country, however, so was the English document stating Carolina in ye West Indies, Carolina was molded into the wealthy North American colony it once was, due to the West Indies influence and the advantages of the African slaves. Works Cited Carey, Bev. The Maroon Story: the Authentic and Original History of the Maroons in the History of Jamaica, 1490-1880. Gordon Town, Jamaica: Agouti, 1997. Print. Childs. Colonization. 132-35. Print. â€Å"Collections. † Print. Rpt. n South Carolina Historical Society. Vol. V. Charleston: South Carolina Historical Society. 361. Print. Greene, Jack P. â€Å"Colonial South Carolina and the Caribbean Connection. † The South Carolina Historical Magezine Oct. 1987: 192-210. Jstor. Web. 20 June 2011. . Harlow, Todd V. â€Å"Francis Lord Willoughby. † A History of Barbados, 1625-1685. Oxford: Clarendon, 1926. 283. Print. Jau, Francis Le. The Carolina Chronicle of Dr. Francis Le Jau, 1706-1717 (University of California Publications in History). Kraus, 1980.Print. Salley Jr. , Alexander S. Narratives of Early Carolina, 1650-1708. Gardners, 2007. 67. Print. Thompson, Alvin. The Journal of Caribbean History XVI (1982). Print. Waring, Joseph I. The First Voyage and Settlement at Charles Town, 1670-1680. Columbia: Published for the South Carolina Tricentennial Commission, by the University of South Carolina, 1970. 24-25. Print. Wood, Peter H. Black Majority: Negroes in Colonial South Carolina from 1670 through the Stono Rebellion. New York: Norton, 1996. Print.

Being Professionals Nurses And Being Educational Role As...

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A New and Better Life through Rebirth - 666 Words

A New and Better Life through Rebirth In a time of either desperation or contentment, A Tale of Two Cities by Charles Dickens communicates the rebirth going on in the era of the French Revolution in two cities: Paris and London. The theme of resurrection or rebirth is seen throughout the book. No matter what happens in the book, everything goes back to the one major theme of being RECALLED TO LIFE (14). One could say Dickens conveyed the theme of resurrection in multiple characters being transformed and recalled for the better of themselves, to escape the norm that haunted many at the time, and to leave behind their regretful past. Of the many characters that were recalled in A Tale of Two Cities, one group in particular was recalled for the better of themselves. Dr. Manette is a character that is recalled after living in solitary for 18 years when he was put in jail for unjust reasons. When he is finally found it is obvious that he is very unstable. He suffers from anxiety, dehumani zation, and even goes so far to say his name is One Hundred and Five, North Tower (46). When he sees his daughter Lucy life comes back into him. On another occasion he acts as a hero in order to be of help to his son-in-law Charles Darnay from prosecution. Manette finally has life in him for the book says: For the first time the Doctor felt, now, that his suffering was strength and power (280). He is strong and independent and has been restored to his regular self for the better ofShow MoreRelatedWhat Is Buddhism?1046 Words   |  5 Pagesgiven to a man called Siddharta Guatemala, who lived about 2,500 years ago in Northern India. When he was 35 he found Enlightenment whist in profound mediation, after searching for years. In the next 45 years of his life he spent it traveling through India teaching his way of life. His teaching is known as Buddha-dharma. Traveling from place to place, the Buddha gained many disciples. They also taught of the enlightment, and the chain has continued on to this present day. The Buddha was not aRead MoreThe Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald 980 Words   |  4 Pagescontinue to exist. As the novel progresses Nick discovers more about his neighbor Gatsby. Nick learns that Gatsby bought his particular house because it was the closest he could get to Daisy across the bay. Gatsby’s believes his luxurious mansion and his life style is an essential component to help him fulfill his dream. The symbol of the green light becomes even more distinct when Gatsby decides to show Daisy it. He says, If it wasnt for the mist we could see your home across the bay... You always haveRead More What Is Buddhism? Essay1046 Words   |  5 Pagesfirst given to a man called Siddharta Guatemala, who lived about 2,500 years ago in Northern India. When he was 35 he found Enlightenment whist in profound mediation, after searching for years. In the next 45 years of his life he spent it traveling through India teaching his way of life. His teaching is known as Buddha-dharma. nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;Traveling from place to place, the Buddha gained many disciples. They also taught of the enlightment, and the chain has continued on to this presentRead More Revelation and Rebirth in Helena Viramontes The Moths Essay993 Words   |  4 PagesRevelation and Rebirth in Helena Viramontes The Moths  Ã‚      The famous phrase looks may be deceiving strongly pertains to Helena Viramontess short story, The Moths. The story, instead of focusing the creatures in the title, is actually about a young girl who comes of age as she is faced with the deterioration and death of her grandmother. Even though the title, The Moths, seems to have no relevance at the beginning, these creatures help to portray a sense of spirituality, rebirth, and becomeRead MoreOdyssey Death and Rebirth in the Odyssey1402 Words   |  6 Pagesthroughout the work. In The Odyssey, Homer makes use of many motifs including eating/drinking, Odysseus s anger, bathing, and disguise, just to name a few. However, perhaps the most important of Homer s motifs is the symbolic death and rebirth theme. This motif is used throughout The Odyssey to emphasize the growth and enlightenment of the characters. The first example of this motif occurs with Telemachos early in the text. Telemachos, in book I, is visited by the goddess AthenaRead MoreSylvia Plath Essay Lady Lazarus1395 Words   |  6 PagesSylvia Plath’s Lady Lazarus is an incredible metaphor of rebirth; the whole idea of a new life from death. Plath throughout her life was suicidal and many of her most famous works revolve around the ideas of death being a new beginning and a way of escaping enslavement from many various factors that bind us to life. There is nothing different about this poem from all of Plath’s other works. She as always represents her life troubles through a worldly event in this case the Holocaust. This poem isRead MoreThe Existence Of A Renaissance1404 Words   |  6 Pagesrenewal of ancient Greek and Roman ideas in sixteenth century European culture. The question is, could that be the only renaissance? Many changes also occurred in twelfth century European intellectual and cultural life that could signify a renaissance. Portions of secular and religious life changed to some extent and often these changes sprouted from ancient traditions. However, to determine the existence of a renaissance in the twelfth century, one must define the limitations of what a renaissanceRead MorePaul Fleischm Nature And Life1388 Words   |  6 PagesPaul Fleischman: Nature and Life Antonio Aloia, Caitlyn Coolidge, Sarah Gill, Kim Hudson, Jasselli Luna Birds don t live alone, I told myself. They live in flocks. Like people. People are always in a group. Like that little wooden band. And whenever there s a group, there s fighting. If the people in the group get along, maybe they make good music instead of arguing....That s how life is. I stared at that marching band. Then I got in the car and drove home† (Whirligig 62). This quote from PaulRead MoreEssay Sylvia Plaths Lady Lazarus1350 Words   |  6 Pagestone that reflects the necessity of life and death. Although the imagery and diction and allusions are all dark and dreary, it seems that the speaker’s attitude towards death is positive. The speaker longs for death, and despises the fact the she is continually raised up out of it. From the title, Plath gives us immediately the theme of the poem. The title is a reference to a man in the New Testament that had been dead for four days, and was raised to life by Jesus. Plath uses this literaryRead MoreEssay on Princess Bride: Summary and Analysis657 Words   |  3 PagesThe Princess Bride by William Goldman is a tale that is rendered new into many different scenarios. William Goldman uses lovers and royalty to play the fairy tale role in this book while also using evil. In the book the Princess Bride there’s a beautiful young women named Buttercup who lives on a Farm with a servant named Westley. As Westley is leaving for America for a better life Buttercup admits her love for him and asks him not to leave for America. While Westley is sailing to America is ship

Social Media and the Law - 1571 Words

The First Amendment, granting Americans the right to freedom of press, freedom of speech, freedom of religion, freedom of assembly and freedom to petition the government, has been one of the most heavily debated since its ratification in 1791. For years, court cases pertaining to the amendment have abounded, particularly in relation to the freedom of speech. From cases defining obscenity to those allowing for expression, the meaning of the freedom of speech has changed greatly through the years. Similarly, so has the freedom of press. As technology evolves – from the first printing press to Google Glass – so too does the media. New media calls for new laws and precedents, and social media has been no exception. The rapid pace and†¦show more content†¦A federal court ruled that online services were simply distributors and therefore not liable for any information posted on their servers (Cubby, Inc. v. CompuServe, Inc.). This set precedent for online libel for ye ars to come. A 1995 case, Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy, had a different outcome for internet service providers. Prodigy hosted a â€Å"Money Talk† bulletin board open for user comment, and on that board, a user alleged that Stratton Oakmont, Inc. and its president had committed criminal and fraudulent acts. The company and its president then sued Prodigy for defamation, contending that Prodigy was a â€Å"publisher† and therefore liable. The plaintiff argued that this case was different than Cubby v. CompuServe because Prodigy said on its bulletin board that it exercised editorial control, and the court found this to be true, ruling in favor of Stratton Oakmont, Inc. (Stratton Oakmont, Inc. v. Prodigy). The nation, and Congress, took note of the decision. A year later in 1996, Congress passed the Communications Decency Act (also referred to as the Telecommunications Act). The act changed internet and the First Amendment, and section 230 specifically addressed how interactive computer services were legally regarded. Instead of falling into a category with newspapers or magazines, which are liable forShow MoreRelatedSocial Media And The Law Enforcement3632 Words   |  15 Pagesgrounds between the law enforcement and the public, can help to control the situation without any party feel being cheated. Introduction Before the invention of Facebook, twitter, and many others, social media data collection was used by companies to get customers’ impression about their products. However, nowadays with modern technology the game has changed. Following the discoveries of these various social media networks, users areRead MoreThe Effects Of Social Media On Law Enforcement1255 Words   |  6 PagesDaniel Cabrera ISS1120 Social Environment Professor Pauline Nogueira October 30, 2015 The Effects of Social Media on Law Enforcement Since the up-climb of social media began in 2003, law enforcement has greatly adapted to the social media network in order to better communicate with the public and to improve their protocol. Much of police work is unappreciated and unknown of. Therefore, some departments have taken it upon themselves to educate the public via social networks, such as Twitter and FacebookRead MoreThe Impact Of Internet And Social Media On Copyright Laws1061 Words   |  5 Pagesimpact of the internet and social media on copyright laws? What is the impact of the internet and social media on copyright laws? Haley Leshko CGS-1000 March 10, 2017 Mr. Newfield WHAT IS THE IMPACT OF THE INTERNET AND SOCIAL MEDIA ON COPYRIGHT LAWS? Introduction Copyright laws were established to protect the original work of individuals since 1709. At present only two acts are in effect today, the copyright Act of 1909 and 1976. (United States Copyright Laws) These works protect theRead MoreTechnology And Laws That Protects Information On Social Media939 Words   |  4 Pagestechnology and laws that protects information on social media. In continuation, in order to have access into a home there are guidelines and regulations that officers must abide by. â€Å"The U.S. Supreme Court has recognized only a limited number of ways for law enforcement officers to justify lawful entry† (Rutledge, 2014, pg.1). People have a right to privacy and protection in their home, vehicle or any other personal property against illegal search and seizures. It is imperative that law enforcementRead MoreThe Laws and Regulations Impacting Commercial Transactions on Social Media2141 Words   |  9 Pagesï » ¿Social Media †¦By 2011, approximately 83% of Fortune 500 companies were using some form of social media to connect with consumers. Furthermore, surveys suggest that consumers are increasingly relying on social media to learn about unfamiliar brands†¦ (Naylor, et. Al, 2012). Introduction. As of March, 2013, Facebook has a reported 1.13 billion users each month, and each day up to 665 million people log on to Facebook (AP, 2012). And according to attorney Brian Socolow, with Loeb Loeb, seventy-twoRead MoreEssay about Social Media is a Source for Criiminals and Law Enforcement1748 Words   |  7 PagesSocial media has become a popular tool for both criminals and law enforcement. There are a lot of different perspectives about how social media is instrumental to crime and solving crimes. On one hand, law enforcement can use social media websites such as Facebook and Twitter to find evidence about specific crimes. On the other hand, digital villains can use social media to break the law. This could include crimes as small as illegally downloading music, anywhere upwards to broadcasting the sellingRead MoreComprehensive Legislation Of Social Media Privacy1559 Words   |  7 Pages Comprehensive Legislation to Protect Social Media Privacy Reading and Writing Workshop II, Section 007 Qiu Jin (Rachel) August 11, 2014 Comprehensive Legislation to Protect Social Media Privacy Abstract The article makes a research on both the present situation of social media users’ privacy, and the work of the FTC and other federal departments to protect social media privacy. However, without a comprehensive legislation in the federal level, the fragmentation of such trial cannotRead MoreSocial Media And Its Impact On Society1350 Words   |  6 PagesExecutive Summary Social media has changed the way organizations collect and distribute information to the public. Likewise, the personal social medias of employees have the power to negatively impact the reputation of the organization to which they are employed. Due to the rising number of employee social media scandals, many organizations have implemented social media policies. In addition, organizations have begun monitoring social media to not only ensure that employees are maintaining professionalRead MoreSocial Media s Impact On Society s Life Of Organizational Workforce1329 Words   |  6 PagesSocial media become part of today’s life of organizational workforce. There is an increasing interest from organizations to use social media information to manage their employees. But the use of social media for employment decisions may raise many legal problems and concerns. Numerous discussions have focused on whether employers’ interests in the use of social media might invade employees ’ privacy and speech rights (Segal, 2014; Lam, 2016; Abril, Levin, Riego, 2012; O’Connor Schmidt, 2015).Read MoreSocial Media Has Changed Communication1100 Words   |  4 Pages â€Å"Social media has changed how people communicate and interact, how marketers sell products, how government reaches out to citizens, even how companies operate (Kirkpatrick, n.d.).† As the prevalence of social media continues to rise, consumers are recognizing ways in which social media can direct them to better sources of purchasing. Social media sites like Twitter, LinkedIn, and Facebook have allowed businesses to market their products and scout for employees. As a result, businesses are now

What Are the Benefits for Foreign Firms to Cross List in the Us Markets Free Essays

What are the benefits for foreign firms to cross list in the US markets? Do the benefits remain after the SOX? Do you think the benefits would remain unchanged after the worldwide adoption of IFRS? Foreign companies are always looking for a new country to plant a flag and expand their global market place. One of the ways that they do this in the business world is through a process called cross listing. This practice allows a company owned and operated in Country A to list their company in Country B’ s financial trading exchange. We will write a custom essay sample on What Are the Benefits for Foreign Firms to Cross List in the Us Markets? or any similar topic only for you Order Now Some have argued that introduction of Sarbanes-Oxley (SOX) and the ongoing plans of convergence between US GAAP and IFRS have decreased the need for cross listing. While there is a difference of opinion as to whether or not the practice is still beneficial is this day an age; I tend to believe that even if the benefits are not as robust as they once were they are worth the investment Cross listing is when a corporation â€Å"lists its equity shares on one or more foreign stock exchange in addition to its domestic exchange. (Wikipedia, 2013) The practice became very popular in the in 80’s and hit its peak in the 1990’s. Research has uncovered a number of benefits and reasons for cross listing. Three models were established to show the benefits of cross listing. They are the market segmentation / investor recognition model, the liquidity model, and the shareholder protection / legal bonding model. (Weisbach, Reese, 2002) When it comes to discussing the benefits of cross listing in the United States. Some of the benefits are as follows: The first is that it will increase the visibility of company in a global scale. Zhu, Small, 2007) Changing the visibility of a company from national to global offers a company a larger audience who may not have been familiar with a company in the past. Second, companies can gain access to liquid markets. (Zhu, Small, 2007) A foreign company in a developing country may not have enough liquidity in its surrounding area for the purposes of investment and growth. Leaning on developed countries with large financial exchanges is a way to tap into those economic resources that issuers are trying to find. Third, is to show that the company is strong. Zhu, Small, 2007) In a competitive industry such as the earning management and the stock market, investors are looking for strong companies to give their money to. It is up to the foreign firms to establish themselves. In some cases an audience with financial analyst that can to ut the benefits of investing in your company is a way of building international credibility with the investment world. Finally, cross listing is done in order to follow tougher requirements. This can show that a company is â€Å"for real† and worth a look because they are willing to cross list in a country with tough exchange requirements. Zhu, Small, 2007) The overall benefits of cross listing can be summed up in a few words: global exposure that leads to international investments from multiple countries that will fuel growth opportunities. There are critics that say that SOX has affected cross listing negatively due to its strict and stringent rules. In some cases, these are so different from a foreign companies â€Å"home† accounting policies that it makes it almost impossible or the firm to comply. Congress has made it clear that â€Å"U. S. nvestors are entitled to †¦protection regardless of†¦issuer† (Zhu, Small, 2012) SOX was established to prote ct investors from fraud by companies when they are reporting their performance to the SEC and regardless of cost the U. S. should stand behind those principles and try to keep companies â€Å"honest†. In my opinion the same benefits that cross listings had before SOX still exist; the willingness of companies to comply with SOX and reap the benefits of cross listing. Once the convergence between US GAAP and IFRS is complete I still see a benefit to cross listing. However, by sheer transition to IFRS a company would lose the benefit of stricter exchange requirements. The move would require changes to legal and financial interpretations of accounting standards. However, the true consequences of this move to a global standard could not be determined until the framework of these standards was complete and implementation has taken place with U. S. and foreign firms. In closing, I consider cross listing a beneficial practice for foreign firms. I agree that we are living in an Internet world where I can invest in German company with a few clicks of a mouse. I also agree that we are heading towards a global accounting standard that will level the playing for all companies of all sizes in all countries. However, the benefit of cross listing that I see never going away is the visibility. Having a tangible presence in developed countries is key to growth. Having a presence in developing countries is a stepping-stone to bigger growth opportunities in the future. Bibliography â€Å"Cross Listing. † Wikipedia. Wikimedia Foundation, 17 Jan. 2013. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. Dobbs, Richard, and Marc Goedhart. Why Cross-listing Shares Doesn’t Create Value. † McKinsey Quarterly Autumn 2008 29 (2008): n. pag. Print. Reese, William, Jr. , and Michael Weisbach. â€Å"Protection of Minority Shareholder Interests, Cross-listings in the United States, and Subsequent Equity Offerings. † NBER. Journal of Financial Economics, 2002. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. Zhu, Hong, and Ken Small. â€Å"Has Sarbanes-Oxley Led to a Chilling in the U. S. Cross- Listing Market. † Has Sarbanes-Oxley Led to a Chilling in the U. S. Cross-Listing Market. The CPA Journal, Mar. 2007. Web. 20 Jan. 2013. How to cite What Are the Benefits for Foreign Firms to Cross List in the Us Markets?, Essay examples

Goethes statement treat people as if they were w Essay Example For Students

Goethes statement treat people as if they were w Essay hat they ought to beGoethes statement, Treat people as if they were what they ought to be and you help then to become what they are capable of being is commonly used in both a positive and negative form in todays society. When a person looks the statement carefully over, they will find the meaning into what he is saying. From the Bible, the quote Do unto others as you would have others do unto you is very similar to Goethes statement. If a person acts in a certain way toward somebody, then the environment and the people in which that person is surrounded by affects his attitude directly. When a person believes somebody has the capability to be more than they are, and the person pushes that person to succeed, the person will live up to those standards. By having another source other than yourself see what you are capable of doing, it lets people see themselves from a different perspective. There are many examples in modern day society of Goethes statement. A positive example of a modern day Goethe statement is in the Army. When a person thinks of the Army, the first thing that a person will think of is the quote Be all that you can be. The is an encouraging statement for people, and this will make people feel as if they can be part of something more helpful and proud. If a person exerts their whole self into becoming a soldier, and if other people tell them that they have the power to be more than just average, then, they put forth more effort, and feel better about themselves. Another positive example is in the acting business. While an actor is on stage saying his lines, he might meet the criticism of the director. The director of a play should know the ability of an actor, and by criticizing him; it is helping them become a better actor. There are also people with professions that, on a daily basis, they help people better themselves. These people are teachers and tutors. Teachers and students interact with each other more out of a day than most students interact with their parents. Teachers help us expand and open our mind by giving us skills throughout students early life to help students when they are older. By learning information from teachers, students become better people, in a couple of ways. Besides inquiring knowledge from their teachers, students learn to work with one another, open their mind to other peoples thoughts and ideas, respect one another, and learn different techniques for lifes issues. A coach for a group of students can also be a positive effect on a person. When a coach tells a person that they can push harder and do better, the person becomes encouraged to do so. When a coach encourages his team, the moral of the team goes up, and therefore the results from the team go up, and they become better. Goethes statement does not just hold a place for positive reinforcement, but negativity as well. As it is stated before, the environment and people in which a person matures in affect his outward behavior toward people. If a child is brought up in a household where abuse toward the child was occurring, the child could do two things from the behavior from the parents. One is that the child could become submissive, very shy, unsure, shut off, depressed, and withdrawn from society because of the feelings of guilt and sadness that lies within the child. Two, is that the child could become abusive and angry himself. If a child is brought up in an environment where he is routinely abused, and knows no love, then how can that child show love when it has never known what love is? The child could mature to be an angry, cold human being, and might pass on that tradition that he has learned from his parents, to his own children. .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .postImageUrl , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:visited , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:active { border:0!important; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:active , .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u8bc2bbfba89d137a32132164de8a0eaf:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Fine white sand clung on to my damp feet as I ambled along the beach EssayHere is another example of a negative way that this is used in todays society. A person who is pessimistic toward people often has a consequence of others around him developing the same way.